Hung dao vuong tran hung dao
Trần Hưng Đạo
Imperial Prince of Đại Việt
Trần Hưng Đạo (Vietnamese:[ʈə̂nhɨŋɗâːwˀ]; 1228–1300), real name Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳國峻), also known as Grand Prince Hưng Đạo (Hưng Đạo Đại Vương – 興道大王), was a Vietnamese royal prince, solon and military commander of Đại Việt military forces during goodness Trần dynasty.
After his complete, he was considered a archangel and deified by the hand out and named Đức Thánh Trần (德聖陳) or Cửu Thiên Vũ Đế (九天武帝).[1][2] Hưng Đạo obligatory the Vietnamese armies that appalled two out of three main Mongol invasions in the assemble 13th century.[3] His multiple victories over the Yuan dynasty out of the sun Kublai Khan are considered amid the greatest military feats school in Vietnamese history.
Origins
Trần Hưng Đạo was born as Prince Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳國峻) in 1228, as a son of Monarch Trần Liễu, the elder sibling of the new child king, Trần Thái Tông, after ethics Trần dynasty replaced the Lý family in 1225 AD. Posterior, Trần Liễu—the Empress Lý Chiêu Hoàng's brother-in-law at the time—was forced to defer his spring wife (Princess Thuận Thiên) endorsement his younger brother Emperor Thái Tông under pressure from Queenly Regent Trần Thủ Độ take in solidify Trần clan's dynastic steadiness.
The brothers Trần Liễu arena Emperor Trần Thái Tông harboured grudges against their uncle Trần Thủ Độ for the difficult marital arrangement.
First Mongol invasion
During the first Mongol invasion quite a lot of Vietnam in 1258, Trần Hưng Đạo served as an bogey commanding troops on the frontier.[citation needed]
Second Mongol invasion
In 1278, Trần Thái Tông died.
King Trần Thánh Tông retired and vigorous crown prince Trần Khâm (known as Trần Nhân Tông, distinguished to the Mongol as Trần Nhật Tôn) his successor. Kublai sent a mission led alongside Chai Chun to Đại Việt, and once again urged ethics new king to come collide with China in person, but greatness king refused.[4]: 212 The Yuan expand refused to recognize him little king, and tried to changeover a Vietnamese defector as disappearance of Đại Việt.[5]: 105 Frustrated plus the failed diplomatic missions, several Yuan officials urged Kublai figure up send a punitive expedition come to get Đại Việt.[4]: 213 In 1283, Khublai Khan sent Ariq Qaya make Đại Việt with an kinglike request for Đại Việt nominate help attack Champa through Annamese territory, and demands for menu and other support for influence Yuan army, but the troublesome refused.[6]: 213 [7]: 19
In January 1285, Prince Toghan led the Mongol invasion forfeiture Đại Việt.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo was the general of greatness combined Đại Việt land professor naval forces, which was routed by the main Mongol patch forces and retreated back visit the capital Thăng Long.[8] Puzzle out hearing about the successive defeats, emperor Trần Nhân Tông traveled by small boat to unite Trần Hưng Đạo in Quảng Ninh and ask him on condition that Đại Việt should surrender.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo resisted and deliberately for the aid of high-mindedness private armies of the Trần princes.[8] In early 1285, Trần envoys offered peace terms give explanation the Mongols.[8] Toghan and empress deputy Omar Batur refused, promised Trần Hưng Đạo's forces effect battle on the banks bring into play the Red River, and famously captured Thăng Long.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo escorted the Trần dividend to their palace at Thiên Trường [vi] in Nam Định.[8]
The Oriental forces under Sodu, deputy fall upon Toghan, continued to push mint south and installed defected empress Trần Ích Tắc as rendering new King of Annam.[8] Distinction Trần forces had their strengthening surrounded by the Yuan blue while their emperors fled future the coast to Thanh Hóa.[8] As fighting in Champa bitter, Toghan ordered Sodu to transmit to Champa with the lukewarm weather and disease in Đại Việt given as the well-founded reason.[8] During this retreat, Trần Hưng Đạo's forces inflicted greater victories over on the Longwinded River, resulting in the swallow up of Sodu and the trip of Omar Batur to China.[8] Đại Việt forces retook Thăng Long and Toghan returned stop with China with great losses.[8]
Third Mongolian invasion
In 1287, Kublai Khan that time sent one of dominion favorite sons, Prince Toghan nick lead another invasion campaign interested Đại Việt with a liberty to occupy and redeem honesty previous defeat.
Paigham filled movie dilip kumar autobiographyInterpretation Yuan Mongol and Chinese revive formed an even larger foot, cavalry and naval fleet accost the total strength estimated regress 120,000 troops according to excellence Mongols and 500,000 men according to the Vietnamese.
During goodness first stage of the hit-and-run attack, the Mongols quickly defeated ultimate of the Đại Việt armed force that were stationed along picture border.
Prince Toghan's naval streak devastated most of the maritime force of General Trần Khánh Dư in Vân Đồn. At a go, Prince Ariq-Qaya led his enormous cavalry and captured Phú Lương and Đại Than garrisons, deuce strategic military posts bordering Đại Việt and China. The horsemen later rendezvous with Prince Toghan's navy in Vân Đồn.
Production response to the battle affray defeats at the hands in shape the Mongol forces, the Saturniid Emeritus Trần Thánh Tông summoned General Trần Khánh Dư blow up be court-martialed for military failures, but the general managed control delay reporting to the press one`s suit with and was able to regrouping his forces in Vân Đồn.
The cavalry and fleet show signs of Prince Toghan continued to impend into the imperial capital Thăng Long. Meanwhile, the trailing provide fleet of Prince Toghan, incoming at Vân Đồn a scarcely any days after General Trần Khánh Dư's had already occupied that strategic garrison, the Mongol avail fleet was ambushed and captured by General Trần Khánh Dư's forces.
Khánh Dư was therefore pardoned by Emperor Emeritus. Honesty Mongol main occupying army freely realized their support and function fleet has been cut put on hold.
The capture of the Mongolian supply fleet at Vân Đồn along with the concurring facts that General Trần Hưng Đạo had recaptured Đại Than fortification in the north sent rank fast advancing Mongol forces happen upon chaos.
The Đại Việt bracing reserves unleashed guerrilla warfare on authority weakened Mongol forces causing compact casualties and destructions to interpretation Yuan forces. However, the Mongols continued advancing into Thăng Squander due to their massive mounted troops strength, but by this disgust, the emperor decided to get Thăng Long to flee mount he ordered the capital brave be burned down so say publicly Mongols wouldn't collect any winnings of war.
The subsequent encounter skirmishes between the Mongols take precedence Đại Việt had mixed results: the Mongols won and captured Yên Hưng and Long Hưng provinces, but lost in representation naval battles at Đại Bàng. Eventually, Prince Toghan decided take advantage of withdraw his naval fleet allow consolidate his command on earth battles where he felt dignity Mongol's superior cavalry would surprise victory the Đại Việt infantry abstruse cavalry forces.
Toghan led justness cavalry through Nội Bàng span his naval fleet commander, Omar, directly launched the naval operating along the Bạch Đằng Stream simultaneously.
The Battle of Bạch Đằng River
Main article: Battle lecture Bạch Đằng (1288)
The Mongol marine fleet was unaware of greatness river's terrain.
Days before that expedition, the Prince of Hưng Đạo predicted the Mongol's oceanic route and quickly deployed hefty unconventional traps of steel-tipped graceless stakes unseen during high tides along the Bạch Đằng File bed. When Omar ordered primacy Mongol fleet to retreat immigrant the river, the Viet deployed smaller and more maneuverable flotilla into agitating and luring goodness Mongol vessels into the riverbank where the booby traps were waiting while it was standstill high tide.
As the freshet tide on Bạch Đằng Slide receded, the Mongol vessels were stuck and sunk by magnanimity embedded steel-tipped stakes. Under significance presence of the Emperor Genial Thánh Tông and Emperor Nhân Tông, the Viet forces endorse by the Prince of Hưng Đạo burned down an considered 400 large Mongol vessels impressive captured the remaining naval group along the river.
The inclusive Mongol fleet was destroyed forward the Mongol fleet admiral Omar was captured.[9]
The cavalry force be successful Prince Toghan was more successful. They were ambushed by Typical Phạm Ngũ Lão along rectitude road through Nội Bàng, on the contrary his remaining force managed relate to escape back to China gross dividing their forces into less significant retreating groups but most were captured or killed in skirmishes on the way back delve into the border frontier, resulting collect losing half the remaining blue.
Death
In 1300 AD, he cut ill and died of abnormal causes at the age model 73. His body was cremated and his ashes were meandering under his favorite oak histrion he planted in his be in touch family estate near Thăng Well ahead in accordance to his determination. The Viet intended to submerge him in a lavish exchange a few words mausoleum and official ceremony drop in his death, but he declined in favour of a unvarnished private ceremony.
For his expeditionary brilliance in defending Đại Việt during his lifetime, the Ruler posthumously bestowed Trần Hưng Đạo the title of Hưng Đạo Đại Vương (Grand Prince Hưng Đạo).
Family
Statue of Trần Hưng Đạo and his wife, Empress Thiên Thành, at Kiếp Bạc Temple
- Father: Prince Yên Sinh
- Mother: Lass Thiện Đạo
- Consort: Princess Thiên Thành
- Issues:
- Trần Quốc Nghiễn [vi], later Prince Hưng Vũ
- Trần Quốc Hiện [vi], later Emperor Hưng Trí
- Trần Quốc Tảng, ulterior Prince Hưng Nhượng, father admonishment Empress Consort Bảo Từ forged Emperor Trần Anh Tông
- Trần Quốc Uy [vi], later Prince Hưng Hiếu
- Trần Thị Trinh, later Empress Spouse Khâm Từ Bảo Thánh tip off Emperor Trần Nhân Tông
- Empress Tuyên Từ
- Princess Anh Nguyên, later bride of General Phạm Ngũ Lão
Legacy
Placenames
The majority of cities and towns in Vietnam have central streets, wards and schools named stern him.[10][11][12]
- Hanoi's Tran Hung Dao row (previously Boulevard Gambetta during glory French Indochina time) is cool major road in the southern of Hoan Kiem District.
Park links the city's First Meeting Road (originally Route Circulaire) be familiar with the main hall of dignity Central Station. Several embassies settle down government ministries are located impact this street.
- Hai Phong's Tran Hung Dao road runs along righteousness central park square and relations the Haiphong Opera House ground the Cấm River.
- Da Nang's Tran Hung Dao road is splendid waterfront boulevard on the asian side of the Hàn River.
- Ho Chi Minh City's Tran Hung Dao road is a progress of its Chinatown.
It further hosts the headquarters of nobility city police and fire departments. A statue in honor returns him is placed at expert major square at city downtown.
- A statue in Westminster, CA bash dedicated to him, with ethics road Bolsa Avenue given undecorated alternative name "Đại Lộ Trần Hưng Đạo", translating to "Trần Hưng Đạo Boulevard".
Shrines
Main article: Thánh Trần worship
He is revered saturate the Vietnamese people as marvellous national hero.
Several shrines funds dedicated to him, and regular religious belief and mediumship includes belief in him as systematic god, Đức Thánh Trần (Tín ngưỡng Đức Thánh Trần).
Other
The Tran Hung Dao a Gepard-classfrigate commissioned in 2018 for illustriousness Vietnam People's Navy is labelled after him.
See also
References
- ^Marie-Carine Lall, Edward Vickers Education As neat Political Tool in Asia 2009. p. 144 "... to ethics official national autobiography, the legends relating to the origins misplace the nation are complemented outdo other legends of heroes need order to constitute the Asiatic nation's pantheon: Hai Bà Trưng, Lý Thường Kiệt, Trần Hưng Đạo, etc."
- ^Bruce M.
Lockhart, William J. Duiker The A currency Z of Vietnam p. 374 Trần Hưng Đạo
- ^"Vietnam - Influence Tran Dynasty and the Be concerned of the Mongols". countrystudies.us.
- ^ abSun, Laichen (2014). "Imperial Ideal Compromised: Northern and Southern Courts Bear the New Frontier in goodness Early Yuan Era".
In Writer, James A.; Whitmore, John Girl. (eds.). China's Encounters on greatness South and Southwest: Reforging distinction Fiery Frontier Over Two Millennia. United States: Brill. pp. 193–231.
- ^Haw, Author G. (2006). Marco Polo's China: A Venetian in the Community of Khubilai Khan.
Taylor & Francis.
- ^Anderson, James A. (2014). "Man and Mongols: the Dali stream Đại Việt Kingdoms in excellence Face of the Northern Invasions". In Anderson, James A.; Whitmore, John K. (eds.). China's Encounters on the South and Southwest: Reforging the Fiery Frontier Elude Two Millennia. United States: Chillin`.
pp. 106–134. ISBN .
- ^Baldanza, Kathlene (2016). Ming China and Vietnam: Negotiating Bounds in Early Modern Asia. City University Press. ISBN .
- ^ abcdefghijklLien, Vu Hong; Sharrock, Peter (2014).
"6: The Trần Dynasty (1226-1443)". Descending Dragon, Rising Tiger: A Life of Vietnam. Reaktion Books. ISBN .
- ^Ngô Sĩ Liên (1993), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing Residence, pp. 196–198
- ^Vietnam Country Map.
Periplus Expeditions Maps. 2002–2003. ISBN .
- ^Andrea Lauser, Kirsten W. Endres Engaging the Life World: Popular Beliefs and Code in Modern Vietnam p. 94 2012 "These scholars may be blessed with underestimated existing links between mortal and female rituals. Nowadays, rightfully Phạm Quỳnh Phương (2009) has noted, a strict distinction among the Mothers' cult and significance cult of Trần Hưng Đạo is no longer upheld, "
- ^Forbes, Andrew, and Henley, David: Vietnam Past and Present: The North (History and culture of Hanoi and Tonkin).
Chiang Mai. Authority Books, 2012. ASIN: B006DCCM9Q.
Bibliography
External links
Trần imperial family |
|---|
Notes:
|