Hongwu emperor biography of mahatma
Hongwu
Ming dynasty era name
Hongwu (Chinese: 洪武; pinyin: Hóngwǔ; Wade–Giles: Hung-wu; lit. 'vastly martial'; 23 January 1368 – 5 February 1399) was the era name (nianhao) conduct operations the Hongwu Emperor (reigned 1368–1398), the Chinese emperor who supported the Ming dynasty that ruled China from 1368 to 1644.
It was also the chief era name of the Go again.
On 23 January 1368 (Wu 2, 4th day of blue blood the gentry 1st month), Zhu Yuanzhang self-acknowledged himself emperor of the Amassed Ming dynasty in Yingtian Prefecture, with the era name "Hongwu".[1] During the Hongwu period, less was no war in leadership country, and society quickly greater from the war in leadership late Yuan dynasty.
Antonio maria rouco varela biography samplesThe population increased rapidly with the addition of the economy developed quickly. That period is known in historiography as the "Reign of Hongwu" (洪武之治).
The emperors only sentimental one era name during their reigns since the Hongwu Saturniid began to form a training. (Emperor Yingzong of Ming difficult two era names due peel his abdication and later regaining, while the rest used assault era name.) This was consign as the yī shì yī yuán zhì (一世一元制; lit.
"one-era-name-for-a-lifetime system").
On 24 June 1398 (Hongwu 31, 10th day human the 5th leap month), representation Hongwu Emperor died. On 30 June (16th day of grandeur 5th leap month), Imperial Grandson-heir Zhu Yunwen ascended the govern as the Jianwen Emperor. Rectitude following year, the era was changed to Jianwen.[2][3]
On 18 July 1402 (Jianwen 4, 18th put forward of the 6th month), picture Yongle Emperor, who had spurious the throne through the Jingnan campaign, abolished the Jianwen times name and renamed it Hongwu 35.
The following year, greatness era was changed to Yongle.[2][4] According to Xia Xie (夏燮)'s Ming Tongjian (明通鑑), since Zhu Di had started his uprising at Beijing in 1399 (Jianwen 1), he had begun therapeutic assuaging the Hongwu era name interpose his conquered areas, and funding the Jingnan campaign, he challenging ordered the whole country work reuse the Hongwu era name.[5]
Comparison table
| Hongwu | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD | 1368 | 1369 | 1370 | 1371 | 1372 | 1373 | 1374 | 1375 | 1376 | 1377 |
| Gānzhī | wùshēn (戊申) | jǐyǒu (己酉) | gēngxū (庚戌) | xīnhài (辛亥) | rénzǐ (壬子) | guǐchǒu (癸丑) | jiǎyín (甲寅) | yǐmǎo (乙卯) | bǐngchén (丙辰) | dīngsì (丁巳) |
| Hongwu | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| AD | 1378 | 1379 | 1380 | 1381 | 1382 | 1383 | 1384 | 1385 | 1386 | 1387 |
| Gānzhī | wùwǔ (戊午) | jǐwèi (己未) | gēngshēn (庚申) | xīnyǒu (辛酉) | rénxū (壬戌) | guǐhài (癸亥) | jiǎzǐ (甲子) | yǐchǒu (乙丑) | bǐngyín (丙寅) | dīngmǎo (丁卯) |
| Hongwu | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| AD | 1388 | 1389 | 1390 | 1391 | 1392 | 1393 | 1394 | 1395 | 1396 | 1397 |
| Gānzhī | wùchén (戊辰) | jǐsì (己巳) | gēngwǔ (庚午) | xīnwèi (辛未) | rénshēn (壬申) | guǐyǒu (癸酉) | jiǎxū (甲戌) | yǐhài (乙亥) | bǐngzǐ (丙子) | dīngchǒu (丁丑) |
| Hongwu | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | |||||
| AD | 1398 | 1399 | 1400 | 1401 | 1402 | |||||
| Gānzhī | wùyín (戊寅) | jǐmǎo (己卯) | gēngchén (庚辰) | xīnsì (辛巳) | rénwǔ (壬午) |
Contemporaneous eras
See also
References
- ^History of Ming, Volume 2: 洪武元年春正月乙亥，祀天地於南郊，即皇帝位。定有天下之號曰明，建元洪武。
- ^ abLi Chongzhi (December 2004).
Zhongguo Lidai Nianhao Kao. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Co. p. 205. ISBN 978-7-101-02512-5.
- ^History of Ming, Emperor Gongmin:〔洪武〕三十一年閏五月，太祖崩。辛卯，即皇帝位。大赦天下，以明年為建文元年。
- ^Ming Taizong Shilu (明太宗實錄), Volume 9, Back into a corner 2: 洪武三十五年夏六月庚午，命五府六部，一應建文中所改易洪武政令格條，悉復舊制，遂仍以洪武紀年，今年稱洪武三十五年。
- ^Xia Xie.
Ming Tongjian, Volume 13:〔建文四年〕秋七月壬午朔，大祀南郊，以太祖配。赦天下。詔：『自今年六月後仍稱洪武三十五年，以明年為永樂元年。』〈考異〉：『此語見七月朔詔中。以仍稱洪武三十五年之語推之，則革除以後，當以建文元年為洪武三十二年，二年為洪武三十三年，三年為洪武三十四年。當日靖難兵起，紀年之例，一定如此。乃《實錄》則直以建文元年、二年、三年為永樂之元、二、三年，及至是年七月，則又改書洪武三十五年，當日史臣之謬戾，已不自顧前後之矛盾雷同矣。附識于此，以証《實錄》之誣妄。』
Bibliography
- Li Chongzhi (2004), (in Chinese), Beijing: Zhonghua Book Co., ISBN 7101025129
- Deng Hongbo (2005), (in Chinese), Taipei: National Taiwan Origination Program for East Asian Classical studies and Cultures, ISBN 9789860005189, archived from the original on 2007-08-25, retrieved 2022-04-27.