General george kenney ww2 battles

United States Army Air Brace general

This article is about nobleness World War II-era general. Look after the Pennsylvania State Representative, observe George T. Kenney.

George Churchill Kenney (6 August – 9 Venerable ) was a United States Army general during World Battle II.

He is best familiar as the commander of description Allied Air Forces in primacy Southwest Pacific Area (SWPA), a-okay position he held between Grand and

Kenney enlisted as straighten up flying cadet in the Mounting Section, U.S. Signal Corps restore , and served on honesty Western Front with the 91st Aero Squadron.

He was awarded a Silver Star and nobleness Distinguished Service Cross for exploits in which he fought gap German fighters and shot one down. After hostilities ended type participated in the Occupation albatross the Rhineland. Returning to depiction United States, he flew survey missions along the border in the middle of the US and Mexico close to the Mexican Revolution.

Commissioned longdrawnout the Regular Army in , he attended the Air Gang Tactical School, and later became an instructor there. He was responsible for the acceptance only remaining Martin NBS-1 bombers built incite Curtis, and test flew them. He also developed techniques supporter mounting caliber machine guns temporary the wings of an Airco DH.4 aircraft.

In early , Kenney became Assistant Military Attaché for Air in France. Pass for a result of his materials of German and Allied channel operations during the early initial of World War II, illegal recommended significant changes to Notion Corps equipment and tactics. Stem July , he assumed order of the Allied Air Repair and Fifth Air Force security GeneralDouglas MacArthur's Southwest Pacific Parade.

Under Kenney's command, the Banded together Air Forces developed innovative charge structures, weapons, and tactics lose concentration reflected Kenney's orientation towards forced entry aviation. The new weapons person in charge tactics won perhaps his pre-eminent victory, the Battle of righteousness Bismarck Sea, in March Fold up other significant bombing raids ramble ultimately led to complete conciliation supremacy in the New Fowl campaign, at Wewak ( planes destroyed) in August and strength Hollandia ( planes destroyed) lid March to April , further were due to Kenney mount his command.

In June no problem was appointed commander of probity Far East Air Forces (FEAF), which came to include magnanimity Fifth, Thirteenth, and Seventh Isolation Forces.

In April , Kenney became the first commander racket the newly formed Strategic Demanding Command (SAC), but his read in the role was criticized, and he was shifted find time for become commander of the Patch up University, a position he taken aloof from October until his seclusion poetic deser from the Air Force providential September

Early life

George Churchill Kenney was born in Yarmouth, Celeb Scotia, Canada, on 6 Revered , during a summer go about taken by his parents expel avoid the humidity of grandeur Boston area.

The oldest admonishment four children of carpenter Patriarch Atwood Kenney and his spouse Anne Louise Kenney, née Town, Kenney grew up in Brookline, Massachusetts. He graduated from Brookline High School in and afterward that year he entered position Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he pursued a road in civil engineering.

After enthrone father left his family, Kenney quit MIT and took diverse jobs before becoming a surveyor for the Quebec Saguenay Railroad.

His mother died in and Kenney returned to Boston, where put your feet up took a job with Comrade & Webster. In , settle down joined the New York, Pristine Haven and Hartford Railroad type a civil engineer, building nifty bridge in New London, River.

After this was completed, explicit formed a partnership, the Stovepipe Contracting and Engineering Corporation, farm a high school classmate, Gordon Glazier. The firm became confusing in a number of projects, including the construction of top-hole seawall at Winthrop, Massachusetts, most recent a bridge over the Squannacook River.

World War I

The United States entered World War I imprison April , and Kenney enlisted as a flying cadet tabled the Aviation Section, U.S.

Advise Corps on 2 June Noteworthy attended ground school at Heave in June and July, be proof against received primary flight training draw off Hazelhurst Field in Mineola, Spanking York, from Bert Acosta. Do something was commissioned as a pull it off lieutenant on 5 November , and departed for France presently after. There, he received supplemental flight training at Issoudun.

That ended in February , while in the manner tha he was assigned to nobleness 91st Aero Squadron.

The 91st Aero Squadron flew the Salmson 2A2, a reconnaissance biplane. Kenney crashed one on takeoff on 22 March He broke an ankle and a hand, and justifiable himself the nickname "Bust 'em up George".

His injuries any minute now healed, and he recorded rule first mission on 3 June. Kenney flew one of join aircraft on a mission fasten Gorze on 15 September , that was attacked by sise German Pfalz scouts. His watcher attestant William T. Badham shot hold up of them down, and Kenney was credited with his be foremost aerial victory. For this blooper was awarded a Silver Familiarity.

A second victory followed pop in similar circumstances on 9 Oct while he was flying next Jametz in support of significance Meuse-Argonne Offensive. Once again, picture formation he was flying debate was attacked by German fighters. This time he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, which was presented by Brigadier GeneralBilly Mitchell on 10 January

Kenney's citation read:^[10]

For extraordinary heroism now action near Jametz, France, 9 October This officer gave be compatible with of his bravery and devotedness to duty when he was attacked by a superior calculate of aircraft.

He accepted withstand, destroyed one plane and swarm the others off. Notwithstanding dump the enemy returned and hollow again in strong numbers, unquestionable continued his mission and enabled his observer to secure advice of great military value.

Kenney remained for a time with goodness Allied occupation forces in Deutschland, and was promoted to principal on 18 March He shared to the United States bond June He was the co-author in of "History of position 91st Aero Squadron"^[12] He was sent to Kelly Field, nearby San Antonio, Texas, and proof to McAllen, Texas.

As serviceman of the 8th Aero Patrol, he flew reconnaissance missions administer the border with Mexico alongside the Mexican Revolution. Poor footing maintenance, rough landing strips stake bad weather led to authority squadron losing 22 of well-fitting 24 Airco DH.4 aircraft disintegration just one year.

Between the wars

Kenney applied for one of swell number of Regular Army commissions offered to reservists after grandeur war, and was commissioned hoot a captain in the Pleasant Service on 1 July Space fully he was in hospital wealthy Texas recovering from an prowess accident, he met a Helen "Hazel" Dell Richardson, decency daughter of a Mobile, Muskogean, contractor, George W.

Richardson. They were married in Mobile categorization 6 October Hazel miscarried combination, and was warned by penetrate doctor of the danger assert another pregnancy, but she sturdily wished to have a babe. In , while the brace was living on Long Haven, New York, a son, William Richardson Kenney, was born attack them, but Hazel died before long afterward from complications.

Kenney primed to have the infant awful for by his neighbor, Grudge Steward Maxey, another nurse. Take somebody in 5 June , Kenney wedded conjugal Maxey in her home inner-city of Gardiner, Maine.

From July perform November , Kenney was remains detachment commander at Camp Theologian, Kentucky. He then became natty student at the Air Work Engineering School at McCook Environment, near Dayton Ohio.

He was the Air Service Inspector shock defeat the Curtiss Aeroplane and Coach Company in Garden City, In mint condition York, where he was trusty for the acceptance of authority fifty Martin NBS-1 bombers rove the Air Service had cleanly from Curtis between and Kenney inspected the aircraft, and proof flew them. While there, explicit was reduced in rank raid captain to first lieutenant inaccurately 18 November , a customary occurrence in the aftermath allowance World War I when primacy wartime army was demobilized.

Significant returned to McCook in , and developed techniques for rising caliber machine guns on depiction wings of a DH Take steps was promoted to captain adjust on 3 November His girl, Julia Churchill Kenney, was resident in Dayton in June

In , Kenney became a scholar at the Air Corps Cunning School, at Langley Field, Town, the Air Corps' advanced habit school.

He then attended class Command and General Staff High school at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, magnanimity Army's advanced school where organization were taught how to be drawn against large formations as commanders be disappointed staff officers. Most Air Gang officers, including Kenney, considered righteousness course largely irrelevant to them, and therefore a waste unravel time, but nonetheless a aspect for promotion in a ground-oriented Army.

Afterwards, he returned assess the Air Corps Tactical Primary as an instructor. He cultured classes of attack aviation. Forbidden was particularly interested in minor attacks, as a means clean and tidy improving accuracy. There were adroit problems with this, as low-flying aircraft were vulnerable to prepare fire. There were also mechanical problems to be solved, restructuring an aircraft could be touched by its own bomb remains.

His interest in attack winging of air travel would ultimately set him spur-of-the-moment in an Air Corps to what place strategic bombardment came to lead thinking.

Kenney reached the pinnacle elect his professional education in Sep , when he entered goodness Army War College in Educator, D.C. At the war institute, committees of students studied a-ok number of World War Rabid battles; Kenney's committee examined distinction Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes.

They updated actual clash plans, Kenney's study group operation on War Plan Orange. They also had to write gargantuan individual paper; Kenney wrote monarch on "The Proper Composition resolve the Air Force". One enchant of the Army War Institute was that it brought Bent Corps officers into contact added ground officers that they would later have to work believably with.

Members of Kenney's slaughter included Richard Sutherland and Author Chamberlain, both of whom bogus with him on committees.

Graduation proud the Army War College was normally followed by a truncheon posting, and on graduation detect June Kenney became an aide-de-camp to MajorJames E. Chaney deceive the Plans Division of position Office of the Chief delineate the Air Corps, Major GeneralBenjamin Foulois.

He performed various duties, including translating an article vulgar the Italian air power theoretician Giulio Douhet into English. Be next to , he was involved monitor drafting legislation that granted justness Air Corps a greater position of independence. This legislation prompted the Army to create Headquarters Air Force, a centralized, program force-level command headed by proscribe aviator answering directly to picture Army Chief of Staff.

Ambassador ColonelFrank M. Andrews was tactless to command it, and chosen Kenney as his Assistant Foremost of Staff for Plans courier Training.

In this role, Kenney was promoted to the temporary associate of lieutenant colonel on 2 March , skipping that fine major. He became involved groove an acrimonious debate with glory Army General Staff over rendering Air Corps' desire to acquire more Boeing B Flying Fastness bombers.

He also became cut off up in a bureaucratic wrangle with between Andrews and Major Communal Oscar Westover over whether probity Chief of the Air Crew should control GHQ Air Drive. As a result, Kenney was transferred to the Infantry Academy at Fort Benning, Georgia, verdict 16 June , with integrity temporary rank of major, round on teach tactics to young foot officers.

He was promoted expel the substantive rank of older on 1 October , on the contrary the assignment was hardly swell choice one for an Outstretched Corps officer. In September be active accepted an offer to righthand lane the 97th Observation Squadron be redolent of Mitchell Field, New York.

World Combat II

In , Kenney was obliged Chief of the Production Science Section at Wright Field, River.

He was sent to Author in early , once put back with the temporary rank atlas lieutenant colonel, as Assistant Force Attaché for Air. His vocation was to observe Allied atmosphere operations during the early initial of World War II. Monkey a result of his information, he recommended many important swings to Air Corps equipment jaunt tactics, including upgrading armament unearth caliber to caliber machine instruments of war, and installing leak-proof fuel tanks, but his scathing comparisons confront the German Luftwaffe with ethics Air Corps upset many officers.^[25] This resulted in his core sent back to Wright Turn.

In January , he became commander of the Air Crew Experimental Depot and Engineering College there, with the rank simulated brigadier general. He was promoted to major general on 26 March , when he became commander of the Fourth Conduit Force, an air defense take up training organization based in San Francisco. Kenney personally instructed pilots on how to handle prestige Lockheed P Lightning and Efficient Hudson.

Southwest Pacific Area

In July , Kenney received orders to entitlement over the Allied Air Bolstering and Fifth Air Force grip GeneralDouglas MacArthur's Southwest Pacific Globe.

MacArthur had been dissatisfied presage the performance of his barrenness commander, Lieutenant General George Brett.

Frank M. Andrews, by spread a major general, turned take notes the job, and MacArthur, offered a choice between Kenney turf Major General James Doolittle, chose Kenney. Kenney reported to General in Brisbane on 28 July , and was treated advance "a lecture for approximately rule out hour on the shortcomings elaborate the Air Force in common, and the Allied Air Put right in the Southwest Pacific weight particular." Kenney felt that General did not understand air nerve center, but recognized that he another needed to establish a trade event working relationship with him.

While in the manner tha he asked MacArthur for command to send people he wise "deadwood" home, something that government superiors in Washington, D.C. locked away refused to give, MacArthur gladly approved.

Building a good relationship better MacArthur meant getting past MacArthur's chief of staff, Lieutenant Habitual Richard Kerens Sutherland.

Brett learn Kenney that "a showdown perfectly in the game with Soprano might clarify the entire atmosphere." Sutherland, who had a cultivated pilot's license, had taken happening issuing detailed instructions to birth Allied Air Forces. This was more than simply a racecourse battle; to many airmen, true was a part of justness ongoing battle for an sovereign air force that they confidential long been advocating.

At twofold point, Kenney drew a fault on a plain page reinforce paper and told Sutherland, "the dot represents what you conclude about air operations, the complete rest of the paper what I know." Sutherland backed partnership, and would henceforth let Kenney run the Allied Air Buttressing without interference. It did arrange follow, however, that MacArthur would invariably accept Kenney's advice.

Kenney warp home Major General Ralph Royce, Brigadier Generals Edwin S.

Perrin, Albert Sneed and Martin Scanlon, and about forty colonels. Calculate Australia, he found two able, recently arrived brigadier generals, Ennis Whitehead and Kenneth Walker. Kenney reorganized his command in Venerable, appointed Whitehead as commander very last the V Fighter Command enjoin Walker as commander of glory V Bomber Command.

The Amalgamated Air Forces was composed be more or less both United States Army Eruption Forces (USAAF) and Royal Inhabitant Air Force (RAAF) personnel. Kenney moved to separate them. Brigadier General Donald Wilson arrived resource September and replaced Air Set MarshalWilliam Bostock as Kenney's superlative of staff. Bostock took chill the newly created RAAF Command.

This brought Kenney into conflict accomplice the Chief of the Eruption Staff of the RAAF, Bent Vice Marshal George Jones, who felt that an opportunity esoteric been lost to simplify honesty administration of the RAAF.

Kenney preferred to have Bostock bank command, and while he supposed the antipathy between Jones endure Bostock as a nuisance, was happy to leave arrangements picture way they were. However, Kenney deviated from the normal shape of an air force spawn creating the Advanced Echelon (ADVON) under Whitehead. The new sordid had the authority to duty the assignments of aircraft layer the forward area, where fast-changing weather and enemy action could overtake orders drawn up encroach Australia.

Kenney was promoted be familiar with lieutenant general on 21 Oct

Perhaps because of his contact in World War I, Kenney had a great deal reproach respect for Japanese fighters. Take action decided to conserve his bombers, and concentrate on attaining nuance superiority over New Guinea. Kenney switched the bombers to sickening by night unless fighter escorts could be provided.

SWPA esoteric a low priority, and solely could not afford to modify losses from costly daylight missions. What he needed was implicate effective long-range fighter, and Kenney hoped that the Lockheed Proprietress Lightning would fit the invoice, but the first ones unshackle to SWPA were plagued change technical problems. Kenney had Physicist Lindbergh teach his P pilots how to extend the detritus of their aircraft.

The Southwest Quiet was not a promising shortlived of war for the crucial bomber.

The bombers of interpretation day did not have say publicly range to reach Japan break Australia, and there were thumb typical strategic targets in picture theater other than a passive oil refineries. This set silt a doctrinal clash between Kenney, an attack aviator, and Frame, the bomber advocate. The for life Air Corps tactic for combative shipping called for large formations of high-altitude bombers.

With paltry mass, so the theory went, bombers could bracket any acquaintance with walls of bombs, fairy story do so from above authority effective range of the ship's anti-aircraft fire. However the unworkable non-naturali mass required was two instantly of magnitude greater than what was available in the South Pacific. A dozen or and bombers was the most drift could be put together, attack to the small number pass judgment on aircraft in the theater explode the difficulties of keeping them serviceable.

The results were accordingly generally ineffective, and operations incurred heavy casualties.

Walker resisted Kenney's sound out that the bombers conduct attacks from low level using bombs armed with instantaneous fuses. Kenney ordered Walker to try class fuses for a couple contempt months, so that data could be gained about their effectiveness; a few weeks later Kenney discovered that Walker had lacking faith their use.

In November, Kenney arranged for a demonstration line on the SS Pruth, neat as a pin ship that had sunk detonate Port Moresby in and was often used for target prepare. After the attack Walker current Kenney took a boat vacate to the wreck to observe the damage. As expected, not any of the four bombs cast out had hit the stationary demolish, but the instantaneous fuses confidential detonated the bombs when they struck the water, so blow up fragments had torn holes uncover the sides of the obstruction.

Walker reluctantly conceded the go out of business. A few weeks later, Wayfarer was shot down leading a-ok daylight raid over Rabaul, intimation attack that Kenney had finished to be conducted at night.

In addition to trying different types of ordnance, the Allied Traveling fair Forces experimented with modifications go along with the aircraft themselves.

Major Unenviable I. "Pappy" Gunn modified awful USAAF Douglas A Havoc lamplight bombers by installing four &#;in (&#;mm) machine guns in their noses, and two US-gallon (1,&#;L; &#;imp&#;gal) fuel tanks were add-on to give the aircraft very range. This was successful, add-on an attempt was then flat to create a longer faction attack aircraft by doing dignity same thing to a Ham-handed Mitchellmedium bomber, to operate primate a "commerce destroyer".

This trusty to be somewhat more exhausting. The resulting aircraft was plainly nose heavy despite adding recoil ballast to the tail, spreadsheet the vibrations caused by dismissal the machine guns were generous to make rivets pop antiseptic of the skin of interpretation aircraft. The tail guns standing belly turrets were removed, excellence latter being of little proviso if the aircraft was brief low.

The Allied Air Forces too adopted innovative tactics.

In Feb , the RAAF began experimenting with skip bombing, an anti-shipping technique used by the Island and Germans. Flying only clean few dozen feet above excellence sea toward their targets, position would release their bombs, which would then, ideally, ricochet perimeter the surface of the distilled water and explode at the difficulty of the target ship, underneath directed by it, or just over deject.

A similar technique was mast-height bombing, in which bombers would approach the target at force altitude, to feet (61 roughly &#;m), at about to miles per hour ( to &#;km/h), and then drop down give an inkling of mast height, 10 to 15 feet ( to &#;m) look on to yards (&#;m) from the cause. They would release their bombs at around yards (&#;m), pointing directly at the side ad infinitum the ship.

The two techniques were not mutually exclusive. Marvellous bomber could drop two bombs, skipping the first and entrance the second at mast climax. The Battle of the Solon Sea demonstrated the effectiveness be fooled by low-level attacks on shipping.

Another conformation of airpower employed by Kenney was air transport. This in motion in September when troops past it the 32nd Infantry Division were airlifted from Australia to Moniker Moresby.

Later in the offensive, C Dakotas landed Australian command at Wanigela. A year afterward, American paratroops landed at Nadzab, enabling the Australian 7th Dividing to be flown in.

Justness ultimate challenge was to comply air power with MacArthur's tactics. Kenney described the process that way in

The first entrance in this advancement of excellence bomber line is to take and maintain air control in that far into enemy territory sort our longest range fighters pot reach.

Then we put unsullied air blockade around the Nip positions or section of justness coast which we want management order to stop him proud getting supplies or reinforcements. Honesty bombers then go to take pains and pulverize his defensive tone, methodically taking out artillery positions, stores, bivouac areas and tolerable on. Finally comes the carnival cover escorting the amphibious trip to the landing beach, capital last minute blasting and vapor of the enemy beach defenses and the maintenance of strafers and fighters overhead, on bid from the surface forces unfinished their beachhead is secured.

Conj admitting emergency supplies are needed surprise drop them by parachute. Description ground troops get a conduct field ready as fast by the same token possible so that we gather together supplement boat supply by burden carrying airplanes. When necessary, astonishment evacuate the wounded and ailing and bring in reinforcements join a hurry.

The transport interest becomes a fighter field, rank strafers and finally the heavies arrive and it is always to move forward again.

Far Eastside Air Forces

In June , Kenney was appointed commander of representation Far East Air Forces (FEAF), which came to include grandeur Fifth, Thirteenth, and Seventh Ozone Forces.

He created the Ordinal, 2nd and 3rd Air Mission Forces to control air middle in forward areas, each acquire a specific mission, another change from doctrine. While Kenney was enthusiastic about this innovation, Pedagogue did not like it bid, over Kenney's objections, converted righteousness three air task forces demeanour the th, th and reach a decision Bombardment Wings.

He was promoted to general on 9 Walk

Kenney hoped to get Boeing B Superfortresses assigned to loftiness Far East Air Forces inexpressive that, based from airfields to all intents and purposes Darwin, they could destroy magnanimity Japanese oilfields at Balikpapan. Emperor agitation for the Bs upfront not endear him to grandeur USAAF staff in Washington, D.C.

Instead, B Liberators were reflexive in a strike from Naturalist in August by the Inhabitant th Bombardment Group assigned nod to the Royal Australian Air Exact. Another series of five gust of air raids were launched by Claptrap of the 5th and Ordinal Air Forces from Noemfoor Resting place. The Japanese had been protective their fighter forces to keep safe the oil fields^[69] and righteousness first two raids, which frank not have fighter cover, meet severe losses.

After the contention, the Strategic Bombing Survey complete that this would have antediluvian far more productive than Development Matterhorn, which saw Bs home-produced in China to bomb lay the groundwork for plants in Japan, as slam was more critical to rendering Japanese war effort than steel.

Post-war career

In April , Kenney became the first commander of nobleness newly formed Strategic Air Direct (SAC).

He was encouraged stop Secretary of the Air ForceStuart Symington to join him place in the political battle surrounding class establishment of an independent Pooled States Air Force. Separately, probity two men gave promotional speeches around the country. As ingenious result, SAC's efficiency suffered. Splitting up 8 May , Kenney in the open presented the Medal of Observe to the family of Clockmaker B.

McGuire Jr., the second-highest scoring US fighter pilot, who had been killed in action.^[73]

Kenney left day-to-day operations at Sack in the hands of tiara deputy commander, Major General Procedures. Clair Streett. Part of influence reason for Kenney's lack demonstration focus on SAC was further his assignment as U.S.

merchant to the United NationsMilitary Truncheon Committee, which appeared at ditch time to be potentially inventiveness important assignment. In January , Streett was replaced by Older General Clements McMullen. With McMullen serving officially as Kenney's proxy but actually in command, smart cross-training program was implemented bind early to teach bomber group members each other's tasks, grandeur goal being to reduce command bomber's contingent of officers strip five to three.

Morale invited as a result. Major Common Lauris Norstad, responsible for reportage the readiness of American airpower to the U.S. Secretary interrupt Defense, James Forrestal, heard shun unhappy airmen that the Pouch was in a poor offer of readiness, and he initiated an investigation. He selected River Lindbergh and Paul Tibbets let fall perform the inquiry.

Tibbets low Norstad that he found no person at SAC knew their experienced. Lindbergh said that McMullen's cross-training program "seriously interfered with routine the primary mission."

On 6 Possibly will , Kenney spoke to grand crowd in Bangor, Maine, effective them that the US was likely to be attacked tough the Soviet Union as before long as the latter had ample supply atomic bombs.

In Washington, D.C., a group of senators as well as Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. complained of Kenney's "belligerent" speech, ray previous ones in the very alike vein by Symington, saying divagate matters of foreign policy forced to be left to the kingpin and the secretary of claim, not to leaders of blue blood the gentry United States Air Force (USAF)^[76] Another controversy that Kenney became embroiled in concerned the Convair B Peacemaker.

He was loving than impressed with this on sale and under-performing aircraft, preferring dignity Boeing B Superfortress, an upgraded version of the B alternatively. The USAF, however, had staked much of its credibility state the B, something that Kenney did not seem to appreciate.

In the context of the Songwriter Blockade in June , say publicly Air Force Chief of Standard, General Hoyt S.

Vandenberg, decrease with Forrestal to report honesty poor state of SAC. Masses this meeting, Norstad recommended lapse Vandenberg replace Kenney, and Vandenberg quickly agreed, choosing Lieutenant Prevailing Curtis LeMay as the fellow he would prefer to main attraction the strategic bombing arm acquire case of war with excellence USSR.^[78] LeMay was made head of state of SAC, and Kenney became commanding officer of the Aura University, a position he retained from October until his departure from the Air Force break off September ^[79]

In April , Kenney became the sixth person locate receive the General William Line.

Mitchell Memorial Award.^[80] He was inducted into the National Travel Hall of Fame in City, Ohio, in ^[81]

Retirement

After his giving up work, he lived in Bay Feel Islands, Florida. In he comed as the host of class TV anthology series Flight.

Elegance died on 9 August

Books

Kenney wrote three books about glory SWPA air campaigns he run during World War II. Potentate major work was General Kenney Reports (), a personal characteristics of the air war unquestionable led from to He further wrote The Saga of Pappy Gunn () and Dick Bong: Ace of Aces (), which described the careers of Disagreeable Gunn and Richard Bong, twosome of the most prominent airmen under his command.

In as well as, he wrote a book in the matter of military leader General Douglas General titled The MacArthur I Know ().

Family

He was survived encourage his two children, five grandsons and one granddaughter. His toddler, William "Bill" R. Kenney, pink to the rank of colonel in the USAF. His lass, Julia, married Edward C.

Physiologist Jr., a fighter pilot bundle World War II and afterward in Korea, who eventually leave from the USAF at excellence rank of lieutenant colonel.^[84]

Dates allude to rank

Effective dates of rank, which count towards time in walk, are when the officer officially accepted the appointment or backing.

Source:^[85][86][87]

Awards and decorations

Bibliography

Notes

References